INFORMATION SYSTEM ENTERPRISES

INFORMATION SYSTEM ENTERPRISES

POST DOCTORAL FELLOW (NTU-SINGAPORE/NAGOYA UNIV JAPAN-KOBE UNIV JAPAN)
IN TMI ITB (LECTURER IDE TITECH JAPAN)


MODEL ENTERPRISES

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a discipline which has evolved to structure the business and its alignment with the IT systems. The Zachman Framework is an enterprise ontology and is a fundamental structure for Enterprise Architecture which provides a way of viewing an enterprise and its information systems from different perspectives, and showing how the components of the enterprise are related. 

Zachman Framework?

In today's complex business environments, many large organizations have great difficulty responding to changes. Part of this difficulty is due to a lack of internal understanding of the complex structure and components in different areas of the organization, where legacy information about the business is locked away in the minds of specific employees or business units, without being made explicit. 

The Zachman framework provides a means of classifying an organization's architecture. It is a proactive business tool, which can be used to model an organization's existing functions, elements and processes - and help manage business change. The framework draws on Zachman's experience of how change is managed in complex products such as airplanes and buildings.

Columns of Zachman Framework

The columns represent the interrogatives or questions that are asked of the enterprise. These are:

• What (data) - what is the business data, information or objects?
• How (function) - how does the business work, i.e., what are the business' processes?
• Where (network) - where are the businesses operations?
• Who (people) - who are the people that run the business, what are the business units and their hierarchy?
• When (time) - when are the business processes performed, i.e., what are the business schedules and workflows?
• Why (motivation) - why is the solution the one chosen? How was that derived from? What motivates the performance of certain activities?

Rows of Zachman Framework

Each row represents a distinct view of the organisation, from the perspective of different stakeholders. These are ordered in a desired priority sequence. A row is allocated to each of the following stakeholders:

• Planner's View (Scope Contexts) - This view describes the business purpose and strategy, which defines the playing field for the other views. It serves as the context within which the other views will be derived and managed.
• Owner's View (Business Concepts) - This is a description of the organization within which the information system must function. Analyzing this view reveals which parts of the enterprise can be automated.
• Designer's View (System Logic) - This view outlines how the system will satisfy the organization's information needs. The representation is free from solution specific aspects or production specific constraints.
• Implementer's View (Technology Physics) - This is a representation of how the system will be implemented. It makes specific solutions and technologies apparent and addresses production constraints.
• Sub-Constructor's View (Component Assembles) - These representations illustrate the implementation-specific details of certain system elements: parts that need further clarification before production can begin. This view is less architecturally significant than the others because it is more concerned with a part of the system than with the whole.
• User's View (Operations Classes) - This is a view of the functioning system in its operational environment.

Rules of Zachman Framework

The framework offers a set of descriptive representations or models relevant for describing an enterprise.

• Each cell in the Zachman Framework must be aligned with the cells immediately above and below it.
• All the cells in each row also must be aligned with each other.
• Each cell is unique.
• Combining the cells in one row forms a complete description of the enterprise from that view. 

INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGN
IT GOVERNANCE
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM)
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